Elderly exercisers have fewer broken bones after falls

NEW YORK - Older adults who exercise are less likely to fall, but if they do, they're also less likely to get hurt, a new analysis suggests.

Researchers found that older adults taking part in fall prevention exercise programs were about 37 percent less likely to be injured during a tumble, compared to non-exercising participants.

"Falls are recognized as a serious and common medical problem experienced by older adults, but it's also widely known that falls are preventable, and that exercise is an efficient way to prevent them," Fabienne El-Khoury, the study's lead author, told Reuters Health in an email.

"However there was no clear evidence that exercise (programs) can also reduce severe or more moderate injuries caused by falls, even though injuries due to falls have serious medical, psychological and economic consequences," El-Khoury added.

She is a doctoral candidate at the University of Paris-Sud and at INSERM, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

Between 30 to 40 percent of people age 65 or older fall at least once each year, according to the government-backed US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). About five to 10 percent of those people will have a serious injury such as a hip fracture.

For older adults who live independently and are at a high risk for falls, the USPSTF recommends exercise or physical therapy and/or vitamin D supplements.

Older people who are at a high risk for falls include those with a history of falls, mobility problems and those who have trouble getting up from a chair and walking.

While several studies have found that exercise programs reduce tumbles, the researchers wondered whether those programs also prevented injuries if older adults did fall.

For the analysis, published in BMJ, El-Khoury and her colleagues used data from 17 previous studies comparing 2,195 people assigned to take part in exercise programs and 2,110 people who were not.

The average age of the people included in the analysis was about 77 years old and more than three quarters of the participants were women.

Overall, the researchers found that people in the exercise group were about 37 percent less likely to be injured during a fall, compared to the non-exercisers. Those injuries could be anything from bruises to broken bones.

The exercisers were 61 percent less likely to have broken bones after falls, and 43 percent less likely to experience a fall leading to any injury serious enough to warrant admission to a hospital.

El-Khoury said it's hard to know how many injuries those reduced risks represent, because all of the studies reported injuries differently. Also, results varied between studies.

For example, there were 81 injuries per 100 people over a year in the exercise group of one study included in the analysis. There were 134 injuries per 100 people over a year for the non-exercise group.

In other studies, researchers have found no such difference between groups based on exercise.

When there is a difference, Yvonne Michael, who has studied falls among older people but wasn't involved in the new analysis, said the reason could be that the bodies of people who exercise are better at absorbing a fall.

The authors suggest the minds of people who exercise may also be sharper than those of non-exercisers and they can respond better to falling, for instance by grabbing onto something.

Michael said the findings are consistent with previous studies, but there is still uncertainty about which exercise programs work best.

In the new analysis the programs emphasized exercises to improve balance, but most had several components. Three of the included studies used Tai Chi.

It's also uncertain whether routine activities, such as gardening, walking and mowing the lawn, are just as good as more structured exercise programs.

"It's harder to test the routine activity because it doesn't fit well into a randomized controlled trial setting," said Michael, an associate professor at the Drexel University School of Public Health in Philadelphia.

She added, however, that people living in urban or suburban areas should be able to find structured exercise programs through their local senior center. Also, some medical plans include exercise programs for older adults.

Those are typically low cost and may even be included in some insurance plans, she said.
"I think the evidence continues to grow in terms of the benefit of physical activity," Michael said. "It seems like there's really no downside to staying active." —Reuters

source: gmanetwork.com

Take Care When Hiring an Adult Caregiver

When her 90-year-old father wanted to remain active and continue living in his own Los Angeles-area home, Tobi Rosen hired a caregiver with the help of a care manager from the geriatric care management firm LivHome. Rosen says she chose to go with a professional after taking care of her father herself. "Once we hired the caregiver, my dad and I had a better, more rewarding relationship," says Rosen.

Rosen says the agency helped her find the right person to assist with shopping, meal preparation, personal care and transportation. What made it even more rewarding was the relationship that developed between her father and his caregiver.

"They became instant friends, buddies and companions. I know my dad's life was enriched because of his caregiver," she says.

Recent estimates from a Pew Research Center study place the amount of individuals in this country who serve as caregivers for other adults at about 24%. That means nearly one-fourth of adult Americans take care of a parent or other elderly relative or their spouse. The typical family caregiver is a college-educated woman between the ages of 30 and 49, but other demographic distinctions such as income, employment and marital status don't seem to make much of a difference.

As baby boomers age, the number of adults who need some type of assistance will continue to rise. That leaves families facing difficult decisions, such as: Will you (and do you want to) provide this care yourself? Many will choose to hire a caregiver through a geriatric care manager, or GCM, or by finding someone on their own.
Types of Caregivers

Deciding to hire home-based care for an elderly relative is a deeply complex decision based on multiple considerations: your proximity to the relative in question, budget, the care available and personal preferences. But experts say you should also remember that not everyone has the same needs.

Some people require only a little help with housekeeping and transportation. Others need companionship, assistance with medication and help with meals and personal care. Still others must have ongoing medical attention. Although a caregiver's duties will vary from case to case, below are a few of the more common levels of caregiving.

    Housekeeper: Cleans and cares for the home.
    Personal care worker: Keeps house, but also assists with meals and possibly medication reminders. Can help with driving and doctor's visits.
    Certified nursing assistant or home health aide: Provides personal care assistance such as bathing and dressing, administering medications, supervising light exercise and monitoring health.
    Skilled care: Monitors physical condition and assists with physical therapy, wound management and other medical needs.

Where to Look for a Caregiver

Judson Kramer, a Santa Monica, Calif., graphic artist who works part time as a caregiver, started with an agency because he needed the extra money. Kramer stays with it because he likes his clients, though he admits it's taxing.

"The first year to two years were very draining," he says.

Caregiver burnout is a frequent complaint that's also shared by family members. Ruth Johnson, a North Carolina-based newspaper columnist, says both of her elderly parents required help. Johnson chose to take care of one parent on her own, but she hired a caregiver the second time around. Neither solution was perfect, but she says careful applicant screening is essential.

"You've got to have references and check them out," she says. Johnson says she's surprised at how many people hire caregivers without due diligence.

"I've known a lot of caregivers, and it's a revolving door out there. You really have to be careful; it's not a job that always attracts the best people," she says.

Where can you find caregivers? Experts point to these resources:

    Newspaper ads.
    Online job boards such as Care.com.
    Craigslist.
    Word of mouth (try asking around your church, at your job, etc.).
    Your state employment office.
    Temporary job agencies.
    A senior's doctor's office.

The Hiring Process

Experts say once you begin the hiring process you should remember not to divulge personal information about yourself or the potential client until you've thoroughly checked out potential caregivers. Here's a checklist to help in the initial hiring phase and early employment:

    Check applicants' identification -- don't hire anyone who can't give you a valid ID.
    Check references, run a background check and secure a criminal history and driver's record. You can sometimes do this at your local courthouse or pay a small fee to online services.
    Make copies of certifications to keep on hand.
    Talk to the elderly person's insurance company and make sure his or her homeowners insurance will cover the caregiver (for both in-home accidents and driving).
    Put rare art, expensive jewelry, guns and other valuable items in secure storage.
    Have mail diverted from the home to a secure location in order to monitor what's coming in, if necessary. This can protect an elderly person with dementia from scams.
    Keep a tight rein on finances. In particular, prevent access to credit cards and bank accounts.
    Make arrangements for regular consultations with the caregiver, and put a backup plan in position in case the caregiver doesn't work out or can't come in as scheduled.
    Try to include the elderly person in as much of the process as possible.
    Make frequent, unexpected visits to the home or have another person do so.

Hiring a Care Manager

The case for care management can be strong, but it's also costly. Care managers generally charge by the hour and some hourly fees can run upward of $100. However, hiring a manager can ensure higher quality.

Suzanne Modigliani, a GCM in the Boston area, says she starts by assessing a person's needs, then looks for the right person to meet them. "We strive to make a good match and then we troubleshoot case issues," says Modigliani.

The benefits of hiring a GCM are many: The manager or company has a backup system, so if a caregiver can't come in, another can be sent. They check references and backgrounds and supervise the workers. And they handle liability issues.

Bunni Dybnis, a licensed marriage and family therapist who has worked exclusively in the field of aging for the past 20 years and is a member of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers, says the most important part of hiring a caregiver is to first know what you need.

"Everybody's going to be different, and probably 65 (percent) to 70% of those who need caregivers will have dementia, which brings a whole different light to it," says Dybnis.

Copyright 2013, Bankrate Inc.

source: foxbusiness.com