Scientists at North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Children Hospital Boston are behind the research that may change the lives of an estimated 366 million people worldwide suffering from diabetes.
“We’ve created a ‘smart’ system that is injected into the body and responds to changes in blood sugar by releasing insulin, effectively controlling blood-sugar levels,” said biomedical engineering assistant professor Dr. Zhen Gu of North Caroline State University. “We’ve tested the technology in mice, and one injection was able to maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range for up to 10 days.”
Diabetes is a metabolic condition in which the sufferer has increased levels of glucose, or “blood sugar”. Glucose is important because it release energy the body requires to function properly. Insulin is the hormone responsible for bringing this energy to the body’s cellular network. Problems arise when not enough insulin is produced, leading to an unhealthy buildup of blood sugar. Symptoms can include frequent urination as well as increased thirst and hunger.
If left untreated, diabetes can lead to death. Diabetics therefore have to closely observe their blood sugar levels daily, as well as inject themselves with insulin several times a day. This has proven as much of a hassle as it is painful to sufferers of the disease.
The proposed new treatment involves introducing nanopartciles, each containing insulin and special enzymes modified to detect glucose, into the bloodstream. The enzymes will circulate throughout the body, immediately converting the glucose they come into contact with into insulin. The enzymes are “fully biocompatible and dissolve in the body,” according to the researchers.
“This technology effectively creates a ‘closed-loop’ system that mimics the activity of the pancreas in a healthy person, releasing insulin in response to glucose level changes,” said Gu. “This has the potential to improve the health and quality of life of diabetes patients.”
The research was recently published in the science journal ACS Nano. The scientists are keen to commence human testing. — TJD, GMA News
source: gmanetwork.com
